Kernaali ToolsHow it works
BDP in bytes = bits per second × round-trip seconds ÷ 8. This approximates how much outstanding data can fill the path. Window scaling lets TCP represent receive windows above 65,535 bytes.
Worked example
1 Gbps with a 20 ms round trip gives 2,500,000 bytes, approximately 2441.41 KiB. A 64 KiB window alone would not fill this idealized path.
Inputs, edge cases & common mistakes
Use RTT rather than one-way delay. BDP is not a universal socket-buffer setting: congestion control, receive windows, memory accounting and autotuning also matter. Zero RTT yields zero mathematically, not a practical network model.
Technical references
Reviewed 9 September 2026. Found an issue? Send a correction with a reproducible example.